Author: Fernandez Hospital

How Hormonal Imbalance Impacts Women’s Health

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Hormones play a vital role in regulating numerous functions in your body, from mood to metabolism. When these hormones become imbalanced, it can disrupt your daily life, causing a range of physical and emotional issues. Understanding the effects of hormonal imbalance and how to address it can help restore balance and improve overall well-being.

What is Hormonal Imbalance?

Hormonal imbalance occurs when there is an excess or deficiency of hormones in the body. Hormones are chemical messengers that travel through the bloodstream to regulate various bodily functions. When their levels are out of balance, it can lead to a cascade of health problems.

Causes of Hormonal Imbalance

Hormonal imbalances in women can be triggered by a variety of factors, including:

  • Stress
  • Poor diet
  • Lack of exercise
  • Hormonal contraceptives
  • Pregnancy
  • Menopause
  • Underlying health conditions (e.g., PCOS, thyroid disorders)
  • Environmental factors and exposure to chemicals

Symptoms of Hormonal Imbalance in Women

The symptoms can differ based on which hormones are affected. Additionally, many of these symptoms may be related to other conditions, not solely to hormonal imbalances. 

Common signs include:

  • Irregular periods or skipped cycles
  • Severe acne or oily skin
  • Unexplained weight gain or loss
  • Fatigue and low energy
  • Mood swings, anxiety, or depression
  • Low sex drive
  • Night sweats
  • Digestive issues
  • Pain in the abdomen or the back during menstruation
  • Diarrhoea or frequent bowel movements

These symptoms can be distressing and impact a woman’s quality of life, making it essential to seek appropriate treatment.

How Hormonal Imbalances Affect a Woman’s Body?

Hormonal imbalances can have widespread effects on your body because hormones control many vital functions. For example, hormones like estrogen and progesterone regulate the menstrual cycle, and when their levels are off, it can lead to irregular periods or even infertility. Beyond the reproductive system, imbalances in hormones like thyroid hormones or insulin can affect your metabolism, leading to unexplained weight gain or loss.

Hormones also play a significant role in mental health; imbalances in cortisol or serotonin can contribute to anxiety, depression, or mood swings. Additionally, hormones influence your skin health, sleep patterns, and energy levels. When these hormones are out of balance, it can result in symptoms such as acne, insomnia, fatigue, and more, affecting your overall well-being. Understanding these effects is crucial for seeking proper treatment and maintaining a healthy balance.

Critical Phases of Hormonal Shifts in a Woman’s Life

Women experience hormonal fluctuations throughout their lives, particularly during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause. Each of these stages can lead to temporary imbalances. However, chronic imbalance often indicates a need for medical intervention.

Hormonal Imbalance Treatment

Treating hormonal imbalances involves a combination of lifestyle changes, medical treatments, and sometimes natural remedies.

  • Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, a balanced diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and whole grains, stress management techniques like yoga and meditation, and adequate sleep are crucial. These changes can help regulate hormone levels and alleviate symptoms.
  • Medical Treatments: Depending on the cause of the imbalance, doctors may prescribe you medications such as hormone replacement therapy, birth control pills, or thyroid medication. It’s important to follow a healthcare professional’s guidance when using these treatments.
  • Natural Remedies: Some women find relief through natural remedies such as herbal supplements, acupuncture, and essential oils. However, it is best to consult a healthcare provider before starting any new treatment.

How to Cure Hormonal Imbalance in Women

Begin by consulting with a healthcare provider to identify the root cause of the imbalance. Treatment plans may include a combination of lifestyle changes, medical therapies, and possibly natural remedies. You may need regular monitoring and adjustments to find the most effective solution.

Conclusion

In summary, hormonal imbalances can significantly impact a woman’s health and well-being, but understanding the causes and symptoms is the first step toward effective treatment. With the right approach, including lifestyle changes and appropriate medical care, balance can be restored, leading to a healthier, happier life.

FAQs

  • What are the major signs of hormonal imbalance?

Major signs include irregular periods, acne, weight fluctuations, fatigue, mood swings, and digestive problems. If you notice any of these symptoms, it’s important to consult a doctor to confirm whether a hormonal imbalance is the cause and to receive proper treatment.

  • What can I drink to balance my hormones?

Drinks like herbal teas, green tea, and water with lemon may offer general support for hormonal balance by helping with digestion and stress reduction. However, the effectiveness of these beverages can vary depending on the specific hormone involved and your overall health. For targeted hormone regulation, a comprehensive approach that includes medical evaluation and personalised treatment is often necessary.

  • What foods balance female hormones?

Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids (like salmon and flaxseeds), fibre (such as fruits and vegetables), and healthy fats (like avocados and nuts) can help maintain hormonal balance.

Essential Tips for Safe Air Travel During Pregnancy

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Flying during pregnancy can be a stressful experience, especially with so many questions about safety and comfort. Whether you’re planning a quick domestic flight or a longer international journey, understanding the risks and taking the necessary precautions can make all the difference. So, can pregnant women travel in flight? Is it safe to travel by flight during pregnancy? The short answer is – yes but with some considerations. Here’s everything you need to know to keep you and your baby safe and comfortable during air travel.

1. Timing is Key

First Trimester: Many women worry about the risks associated with flying during early pregnancy. While some may wonder, “Can flying in the first trimester cause miscarriage?” it’s important to note that there is no concrete evidence linking air travel to an increased risk of miscarriage. However, the first trimester is often when morning sickness and fatigue are at their peak, which could make flying less enjoyable.

Second Trimester: The second trimester is often considered the safest and most comfortable time for air travel during pregnancy. By this time, most of the early pregnancy symptoms have subsided, and you’re not yet experiencing the heaviness and fatigue of late pregnancy.

Third Trimester: While most airlines generally allow pregnant women to fly up until their 36th week, it’s always wise to check with your airline beforehand, as policies can vary. Additionally, after 28 weeks, some airlines may require a letter from your healthcare provider confirming your due date and that you’re fit to fly.

2. Consult with Your Healthcare Provider

Before booking any flights, it’s important to speak with your healthcare provider. They can provide personalised advice based on your health and pregnancy progression. If you have any complications, such as gestational diabetes or high blood pressure, your doctor may recommend avoiding air travel.

3. Stay Hydrated and Move Often

Hydration: Airplane cabins have low humidity levels, which can lead to dehydration. Drink plenty of water before and during your flight to stay hydrated.

Movement: Prolonged sitting can increase the risk of developing blood clots, particularly in pregnant women. If possible, choose an aisle seat to make it easier to get up and walk around the cabin every hour or so. Flexing and stretching your legs while seated can also help keep your blood flowing.

4. Prioritise Comfort

Seating: Choose an aisle seat near the front of the plane where the ride is generally smoother. This also allows for easier access to the restroom and more space to stretch your legs.

Clothing: Wear loose, comfortable clothing and consider bringing a small pillow or cushion for additional back support. 

5. Be Prepared for Emergencies

Carry Your Medical Records: Always have a copy of your prenatal records with you, especially if you’re flying internationally. This can be crucial if you need medical assistance during your flight.

Know the Nearest Hospital: If you’re flying close to your due date, it’s a good idea to know where the nearest hospital is located at your destination.

6. Understand the Risks

While air travel is generally safe during pregnancy, it’s essential to be aware of the potential risks. Some women may experience discomfort due to the cabin pressure or feel more tired than usual. However, the main concerns include:

Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Pregnant women are at a higher risk of developing DVT, a type of blood clot that can form in the legs during long periods of immobility.

Preterm Labour: Although rare, there is a slight risk of preterm labour during air travel, especially if you have a history of preterm births.

Final Thoughts

Air travel during pregnancy can be safe and comfortable with the right planning and precautions. By understanding the risks and taking steps to mitigate them, you can enjoy your journey with peace of mind. Always consult with your healthcare provider before flying and make sure to listen to your body’s needs throughout the journey. Safe travels!

Frequently Asked Questions

  1. What are the risks of flying while pregnant?

The main risks of flying during pregnancy include dehydration, blood clots (DVT), and preterm labour. However, with proper precautions like staying hydrated and moving frequently, these risks can be minimised.

  1. How many weeks pregnant is it safe to fly?

While most airlines allow pregnant women to fly up until 36 weeks, the second trimester (14-27 weeks) is generally considered the safest time for air travel during pregnancy.

  1. How can a pregnant woman sit comfortably on a plane?

Choose an aisle seat for easier access to the restroom and to stretch your legs. Wear loose clothing, use a small pillow for back support, and wear compression stockings to improve circulation.

  1. Does airplane pressure affect the fetus?

The cabin pressure in commercial flights is generally safe for both the mother and the baby. However, if you have a high-risk pregnancy, consult your healthcare provider before flying.

Understanding PCOS: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

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Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a condition that affects millions of women around the world. If you’ve been diagnosed with PCOS or are experiencing symptoms that make you wonder if you might have it, it’s important to know that you’re not alone. Understanding PCOS, its causes, symptoms, and available treatments can empower you to take control of your health and well-being.

What is PCOS?

PCOS, or Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, is a common hormonal disorder that affects women of reproductive age. The term “polycystic” describes ovaries that are often larger and contain numerous small cysts (tiny, fluid-filled sacs). However, it’s important to note that not all women with PCOS have cysts on their ovaries, and not all women with ovarian cysts have PCOS.

What Causes PCOS?

The exact cause of PCOS is not fully understood, but these factors are believed to contribute to its development:

  • Genetics: PCOS tends to run in families, so if your mother or sister has PCOS, you may be more likely to develop it yourself.
  • Insulin Resistance: Many women with PCOS have insulin resistance, meaning their bodies have difficulty using insulin effectively. This can lead to elevated insulin levels, which may increase androgen production and cause symptoms of PCOS.
  • Hormonal Imbalance: High levels of androgens (male hormones) and low levels of progesterone (a female hormone) are common in women with PCOS. This hormonal imbalance disrupts the normal ovulation process.

Symptoms of PCOS

PCOS can present a wide range of symptoms, and not every woman with PCOS will experience all of them. Some common symptoms include:

  • Irregular Periods: One of the most common signs of PCOS is irregular or absent menstrual periods. This occurs because the hormonal imbalance interferes with the normal ovulation process.
  • Excess Hair Growth: Known as hirsutism, many women with PCOS experience increased hair growth on the face, chest, back, or other areas where men typically grow hair.
  • Acne and Oily Skin: High androgen levels can lead to persistent acne and oily skin, especially on the face, chest, and upper back.
  • Weight Gain: Many women with PCOS struggle with weight gain, particularly around the abdomen. This can be linked to insulin resistance.
  • Thinning Hair: Some women with PCOS may experience thinning hair on the scalp, similar to male-pattern baldness.
  • Difficulty Conceiving: Due to irregular ovulation, women with PCOS may have difficulty getting pregnant.
  • Mood Changes: PCOS can also affect mental health, leading to symptoms of anxiety, depression, or mood swings.

How to Know If You Have PCOS

If you suspect you might have PCOS, it’s important to speak with a healthcare provider who can evaluate your symptoms and run necessary tests. Diagnosis typically involves:

  • Medical History and Physical Examination: Your doctor will ask about your menstrual cycle, weight changes, and other symptoms. They may also check for physical signs of PCOS, such as excess hair growth or acne.
  • Blood Tests: Blood tests can measure hormone levels like FSH , LH ,including androgens, insulin, and glucose, to help diagnose PCOS.
  • Ultrasound: An ultrasound can be used to examine the ovaries for cysts and measure the thickness of the uterine lining.

PCOS Treatment Options

While there is no cure for PCOS, there are several treatment options available to manage its symptoms and reduce the risk of long-term complications. Treatment is often tailored to your specific symptoms and goals, such as regulating your menstrual cycle, managing symptoms like acne or excess hair growth, or improving fertility.

  • Lifestyle Changes: Adopting a healthy lifestyle is one of the most effective ways to manage PCOS symptoms. This includes maintaining a balanced diet, exercising regularly, and managing stress. Weight loss, even a small amount, can significantly improve symptoms for many women with PCOS.
  • Medications: Depending on your symptoms, your doctor may prescribe medications to help regulate your menstrual cycle, manage insulin levels, or treat specific symptoms like excess hair growth or acne. Birth control pills are commonly prescribed to regulate periods and reduce androgen levels.
  • Fertility Treatments: If you’re trying to conceive, there are fertility treatments available that can help stimulate ovulation. These include procedures like in vitro fertilisation (IVF) or Intrauterine insemination (IUI).
  • Hair Removal and Acne Treatment: For those struggling with hirsutism or acne, there are various cosmetic treatments available, including laser hair removal, electrolysis, and topical or oral acne medications.

Is It Possible to Cure PCOS Permanently?

Currently, there is no known cure for PCOS. However, with proper management, many women with PCOS can lead healthy, fulfilling lives. Making lifestyle changes, taking prescribed medications, and staying in regular contact with your healthcare provider can help you manage your symptoms and reduce the risk of complications such as type 2 diabetes, heart disease, and endometrial cancer.

FAQs

  1. What is the root cause of PCOS?
    The exact cause of PCOS is unknown, but it’s often linked to genetics, insulin resistance, and hormonal imbalances.
  2. What habits cause PCOS?
    Poor diet, lack of exercise, and stress can contribute to the development or worsening of PCOS, especially if you’re already at risk.
  3. What is the basic treatment for PCOS?
    Basic treatment for PCOS includes lifestyle changes like healthy eating and exercise, along with medications to manage symptoms.
  4. What food to avoid in PCOS?
    It’s best to avoid sugary foods, processed snacks, and refined carbohydrates, as they can worsen insulin resistance and PCOS symptoms.

Honouring Little Lives
and Navigating Grief

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October 15 marks Pregnancy and Infant Loss Awareness Day, a day dedicated to recognising the deep grief that accompanies the loss of a baby during pregnancy or infancy.

For many parents, this type of loss is an unimaginable pain that often goes unnoticed or unacknowledged by society. However, with increased awareness and supportive healthcare systems, the journey through such loss can be made a little more bearable. Both healthcare providers and hospitals play a pivotal role in offering the necessary support to grieving couples, ensuring that no one walks this difficult path alone.

The Role of Healthcare Providers

Healthcare providers are often the first point of contact when a pregnancy or infant loss occurs. Their approach can significantly impact how parents process their grief. Compassionate communication is key during such delicate moments. Doctors, nurses, and midwives should be trained to provide clear, empathetic, and sensitive information. Offering grief counselling and connecting parents with support groups or mental health professionals can help them feel less isolated.

In addition, healthcare providers can support parents by giving them options during and after the loss. For instance, allowing time for the parents to hold their baby or creating memory items such as handprints or photographs can be a meaningful way to honour the life that was lost, however brief.

The Role of Hospitals

Hospitals have the opportunity to create a supportive environment for parents going through pregnancy or infant loss. Establishing dedicated spaces, such as private rooms for grieving families, can help them cope without the additional stress of being surrounded by others who may not understand their pain. These spaces should allow families the privacy and comfort to process their emotions and spend time with their baby, if they wish.

Hospitals should also consider partnering with organisations that specialise in pregnancy and infant loss. These partnerships can provide parents with valuable resources, including brochures, access to helplines, or information about local or online support groups. A well-rounded support system is crucial, both immediately following the loss and, in the months, or years afterward.

Additionally, hospitals can lead by example in raising awareness about pregnancy and infant loss. Observing Pregnancy and Infant Loss Awareness Month in October, offering events such as candlelight vigils, and encouraging staff education on this topic can foster an environment of empathy and support.

How Couples Can Cope

For couples who experience pregnancy or infant loss, navigating this heartbreaking journey can be overwhelming. It is essential to acknowledge the emotional toll such a loss takes on both partners. Every individual grieves differently, and it’s important for couples to communicate openly about their feelings without placing expectations on each other’s healing process.

Joining support groups, whether in person or online, can provide a sense of community during this isolating time. Sharing experiences with others who have gone through similar losses can reduce the feeling of being alone in grief. Furthermore, seeking therapy or counselling, either individually or as a couple, can help in managing the complex emotions that arise after a loss.

Couples should also remember to take care of their physical and mental health. Grieving can be an exhausting process, and self-care—whether through rest, exercise, or simply spending quiet time together—can provide some respite during such a difficult time.

Lastly, honouring the memory of the baby in a personal way, such as planting a tree, holding a small memorial, or participating in Pregnancy and Infant Loss Awareness Day events, can bring comfort and allow the grieving process to continue in a meaningful way.

Moving Forward with Awareness and Support

While nothing can ever take away the pain of losing a baby, the collective efforts of healthcare providers, hospitals, and support systems can help ease the burden for grieving couples. By fostering open discussions, providing compassionate care, and raising awareness, we can create a world where no one feels they have to navigate the journey of pregnancy or infant loss alone.

This Pregnancy and Infant Loss Awareness Day, let us take a moment to remember the lives lost and offer our support to those who carry the invisible scars of such loss. Together, we can ensure that their pain is acknowledged, and their healing is supported.

Empowering Safe Births for Women with Complex Conditions

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Sucharitha, born with mitochondrial myopathy, faced significant challenges on her path to motherhood. This genetic condition, characterised by symptoms like muscle weakness, droopy eyelids, and exercise intolerance, made her pregnancy journey uniquely complex.

Diagnosed at age 12, Sucharitha managed her condition with antioxidants. Upon conceiving, she and her husband underwent genetic testing, revealing only she carried the mutation. Having heard of Fernandez’s multidisciplinary obstetric team, she knew this was the place that would provide her with care and expertise she needed to birth.

Despite increased risks for diabetes and high blood pressure, Sucharitha’s glucose levels remained normal. However, she developed hypertension at 36 weeks, necessitating careful management by her team Dr Tara and Dr Malini. Labour was induced at 38 weeks, and she successfully delivered a healthy 3.26 kg baby girl vaginally.

Sucharitha’s story is a testament to the power of comprehensive medical care, proper diagnosis, reassurance and confidence provided by the obstetric team. Her journey underscores the possibility of a positive birthing experience, even with a genetic condition.

Concerned about complications during pregnancy? Our multidisciplinary team is here to support you at every step.

Call 1800 419 1397 to book an appointment with our specialists.

Balancing and Navigating Thyroid Imbalance During Pregnancy

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Pregnancy is a challenging time for women that causes significant changes in their bodies. Among the many changes is the fluctuation in hormone levels. The thyroid is a butterfly-shaped gland located at the base of the neck that produces thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).

Thyroid hormones control how your body uses energy, affecting how nearly every organ in your body works—even how your heart beats. Due to the increased demand for this hormone by both the mother and baby during pregnancy, it leads to the overproduction or underproduction of TSH, called gestational thyroid imbalance.

Types of Thyroid Imbalance

This overproduction and underproduction of TSH hormones is called Hyperthyroidism and Hypothyroidism.

  • Hyperthyroidism: Hyperthyroidism is an overactive thyroid gland that produces too much thyroid hormone.
  • Hypothyroidism: Hypothyroidism occurs when the thyroid gland is underactive and produces too little thyroid hormone.

Both hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can have significant health impacts if not appropriately managed. Pregnant women with thyroid disorders need to receive regular medical attention to manage their hormones.

Diagnosis and Symptoms of Gestational Thyroid Imbalance

Your healthcare provider conducts a physical exam and a blood test to check for thyroid conditions. The blood test measures the levels of thyroid hormones and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in your body. TSH is a hormone that signals your thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.

Some of the common symptoms of Gestational thyroid imbalance are:

  • Hoarse voice
  • Low tolerance to cold temperatures
  • Dry skin and hair
  • Carpal tunnel syndrome
  • Fatigue

Sometimes, these symptoms overlap with typical pregnancy symptoms, so detecting them as early as possible is vital. Additional signs to watch for are:

  • Weight gain
  • Constipation
  • Muscle weakness

Risks of Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism to the mother

  • Mild hypothyroidism in most expecting mothers might be unaffected and have no symptoms at the onset of pregnancy. If left undiagnosed, severe hypothyroidism can lead to anaemia, lack of thyroid function, risks of miscarriages, stillbirth or preterm birth, underweight babies and other significant concerns due to this condition.
  • Hyperthyroidism in pregnancy may be present initially but might be diagnosed later, around the second trimester. Inadequately treated hyperthyroidism leads to premature labour and preeclampsia.

Risks of maternal Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism to the baby

Thyroid hormones are an integral source for the overall development of a growing fetus. It mainly facilitates the development of the brain and the spinal cord. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism must be diagnosed early in your pregnancy, and once diagnosed, it is crucial to follow the treatment plan and medication suggested by your endocrinologist.

Treatment and Prevention

  • Medical Care: Your obstetrician will refer you to an endocrinologist, who will recommend supplements or medications, treatment plans, and regular follow-ups.
  • Dietary recommendations: Your doctor will advise you on specific dietary changes. It is essential to eat a variety of nutritious foods and stay well-hydrated. Regular physical activity and proper meal planning can also support your thyroid health.

Postpartum

Postpartum thyroid hormone levels tend to fluctuate and might worsen later, usually three months after the birth of your baby, due to discontinued prescribed thyroid supplementation and neglect in monitoring thyroid function. Hence, your endocrinologist will advise a high dosage of thyroid medications or supplements and serum TSH tests in such cases.

Regular monitoring and treatment, guided by an endocrinologist, are essential to ensure a healthy pregnancy and postpartum period. With proper care, women with gestational thyroid imbalances can effectively support their health and the development of their growing baby.

Safe Eats for Mom-to-Be:
Eating Out During Pregnancy

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Craving a plate of steaming Pad Thai or a juicy Paneer Burger during pregnancy? Don’t put those cravings on hold! With a little preparation and some smart choices, venturing out to your favourite restaurants can be a delightful and satisfying dining experience for both you and your growing baby.

husband feeding pregnant wife

Many women crave restaurant meals during pregnancy, but concerns about food safety can dampen those desires. The good news is that with a little planning and awareness, enjoying a night out doesn’t have to be risky. Here’s how to navigate restaurant menus and buffets while keeping you and your baby healthy.

Choosing the Right Restaurant

Look for Certifications: Opt for restaurants with certifications from local health authorities and good online reviews regarding cleanliness.

Freshness is Key: Order dishes made to order and served hot. Avoid buffets where food may have been sitting out for extended periods.

Making Savvy Menu Choices

Cooked Foods: Order dishes that are freshly cooked and served hot. Avoid raw or undercooked meats, seafood, and eggs, as they may contain harmful bacteria and parasites.

Fruits and Vegetables: Avoid pre-cut raw fruits and vegetables unless you wash and peel them yourself or you trust the restaurant’s hygiene standards. Opt for cooked vegetables instead.

Dairy Products: Ensure all dairy products, including milk, cheese, and yoghurt, are pasteurised. Unpasteurised products can carry harmful bacteria like Listeria.

Seafood: Avoid raw seafood like sushi and sashimi. Ensure all seafood is well-cooked to avoid bacterial contamination. Be cautious with shellfish as they are prone to toxins and bacteria.

Avoid Pre-Packaged Salads

Avoid pre-packaged salads from stores or buffets. They may have been sitting out for a long time and are more prone to bacterial contamination.

Avoid salads with unpasteurised cheese (such as feta, Brie, Camembert, and blue cheese) and dressings made with raw eggs or unpasteurised milk.

Avoid salads containing processed meats, such as deli meats, hot dogs, and smoked seafood, which can harbour Listeria.

Homemade Salads: Prefer salads made at home where you can control the washing and preparation process. If making dressings at home, use pasteurised eggs or avoid raw eggs altogether. Consider using vinegar or lemon juice-based dressings, which are safer options.

Temperature Control: Keep salads cold until ready to be eaten. If transporting salads, use ice packs or a cooler.

Women eating

Water and Beverages

Water: Drink only bottled water with intact seals or boiled water.

Ice: Avoid ice in drinks, as it may be made from unfiltered water. Opt for beverages served without ice or ensure the ice is made from safe, filtered water.

Beverages: Avoid unpasteurised juices and beverages.

Handling Buffets

Freshness: Ensure buffet items are freshly prepared and not left out for extended periods. Hot items should be steaming, and cold items should be properly refrigerated.

Serving Utensils: Use the serving utensils provided and avoid cross-contamination between different dishes.

group of women eating

General Precautions

Hand Hygiene: Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before eating. If soap and water are not available, use a hand sanitiser containing at least 60% alcohol.

Food Temperature: Consume food while it is still hot. Avoid food that has been left out at room temperature for more than two hours.

Street Food: Street food often lacks proper hygiene standards and poses a higher risk of contamination. When eating outside, avoid all raw foods or drinks (like pani puri water, jal jeera, sugarcane juice, sprouts, etc.). Also, avoid eating and drinking from roadside stalls.

Prefer to have your favourite chats made at home.

Leftovers at home

Avoid eating leftovers, especially if they have not been stored and reheated properly. Maintaining the right food temperature during pregnancy is crucial to preventing foodborne illnesses –

Hot Foods: hot foods at 60°C (140°F) or above to prevent bacterial growth.

Cold foods: Keep cold foods at 4°C (40°F) or below.

Ask About Food Preparation: When in doubt, ask restaurant staff about how food is prepared and stored.

Seek out restaurants that display certifications from local health authorities. This signifies their commitment to food safety protocols.

By following these simple yet effective tips, you can transform your next restaurant outing into a delightful and safe experience. Remember, a healthy and happy mom-to-be translates into a healthy and happy baby! So, go forth, explore new culinary delights, and embrace the joys of dining out during your pregnancy journey!

Dr Latha Sashi
Chief Nutritionist & Head,
Dept of Clinical Nutrition & Dietetics, Fernandez Hospital

International Women’s Day: Celebrating and Embracing Inclusive Healthcare for Women

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Today is International Women’s Day. The time of the year when women’s achievements, contributions, and rights are brought to the limelight. It is the only day when women from the past are lauded for their initiatives and success in establishing equality for women. But these are not the sole purposes of this day.

Wones Day

International Women’s Day is a reminder that nudges us to continue the fight for women’s equality and equity every year. This year’s theme is ‘Inspire Inclusion’, Everyone deserves an opportunity to live a healthy life, and this is where health equity in women’s healthcare matters.

Healthcare equity implies that every woman receives a fair and just chance at quality healthcare services regardless of where they come from or how they look.

Are our women receiving quality, respectful, and impartial healthcare?

It is crucial to reflect on the progress made in the realms of reproductive, sexual, and maternal healthcare. Although we have come a long way, there is still more to achieve and implement in ensuring the best healthcare for women. We need to make sure that every woman, regardless of their background and circumstances, gets accessible healthcare services and can make informed choices about their body and life.

Women of every age have the right to receive accessible healthcare where all their needs are addressed. We can look at the healthcare needs of women by tracing them through different phases of their lives.

Adolescent Health

Adolescence is a crucial stage in a woman’s life where she goes through several physical and psychological changes. Comprehensive sex education and safe healthcare environments are inevitable in developing inclusive healthcare solutions.

Quality menstrual and reproductive healthcare can enable girls to have better health later in their lives. Menstrual health issues are often overlooked with shame and stigma in our society. Thus, only a few girls come forward to access healthcare services.

women

Inclusive, safe, and non-judgemental health screenings for Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) like HIV and HPV are necessary. The healthcare providers should be trained to offer care without any bias. Early detection and prevention of prevalent reproductive health issues, including cervical and ovarian cancer, PCOD, PCOS, and endometriosis, is indispensable. This includes accessible HPV vaccinations and cervical cancer screenings at all levels of health centres.

Maternity Care

Maternity healthcare includes access to safe infertility treatments, counselling on contraception and family planning, respectful prenatal care, postnatal care, and nutrition. The lack of these basic services undermines and endangers the rights and well-being of women.

pregnant women

It is necessary to recognise and respect women’s autonomy and dignity while providing reproductive and maternal healthcare services. A woman-centred maternity care ensures that every mother-to-be makes informed choices and gets quality care irrespective of socio-economic differences.

Menopausal Healthcare

Towards the end of reproductive years, women go through another set of physical and psychological changes. A woman’s nutrition needs can change after and during menopause. The changes begin gradually with the perimenopausal phase. Women often fail to recognise the signs due to the lack of awareness. After menopause, many women become prone to health conditions like osteoporosis and are exposed to risks of cardiovascular diseases.

women

There is a need to spread awareness about perimenopause and postmenopausal health among women and health professionals. Women should be guided through this stage with the right nutrition and health treatments.

Providing healthcare equity for women does not end with focusing on one aspect. Instead, a comprehensive healthcare system needs to be developed where all health conditions are addressed and treated. Non-judgemental, safe, and inclusive spaces are what our women need. Reforming the design of the healthcare system to actively involve women and their health issues will not just serve women and girls in the present but also future generations.

Your Ultimate Guide to Menstrual Cups

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Have menstrual products truly come a long way, from pads with belts to winged pads and tampons? Could the eco-friendly menstrual cup, crafted from silicone and latex, be the game-changer? Are menstrual cups better than traditional pads or tampons? Join us as we delve into their safety, usage, and benefits – a quest for a greener and more comfortable period.

Are Menstrual Cups Safe?

Menstrual cups, like most menstrual products, do carry a level of risk. The risks with cups, however, are considered minimal and are less likely to occur when the cups are used as recommended. Washing your hands thoroughly with warm water and fragrance-free soap before insertion and removal will help you avoid potential infections and risks.

How to Use a Menstrual Cup

Cups are simple to figure out. Most brands provide a how-to-use leaflet with instructions. Discovering the right menstrual cup size is crucial for a comfortable experience. If you’re a first-time user, consider starting with a small size. Sizes typically range from small to large, each designed to cater to different needs.

  • Small: Ideal for those with a lighter flow or who have not given birth.
  • Medium: Suitable for those with a moderate flow and may have given birth.
  • Large: Recommended for a heavier flow or for individuals who have given birth.

Choosing the Right Size

Choosing the right size ensures not only a secure fit but also effective leak protection. Now, let’s dive into the step-by-step guide on how to use a menstrual cup!

 

Step 1: Wash your hands well with soap and warm water.

Step 2: Wet the cup with water or use water-based lube on the outsides of the cup before insertion.

Step 3: Tightly fold the rib of the cup and fold it into a C-shape.

Step 4: Relax your pelvic muscles and gently insert the cup. It may take a few tries, but soon you will master the technique.

Advantages of Using a Menstrual Cup:

Picture a period where you can go about your day without the constant concern of leaks. Menstrual cups create a secure seal, providing unparalleled leak protection. Menstrual cups are cost-effective, eco-friendly, and long-lasting. Cups are reusable, meaning less waste and a smaller carbon footprint. They can also be used during exercise and swimming and don’t interfere with or disrupt your IUCD.

The steps to using a menstrual cup may be new, but the rewards are boundless. This little silicone product offers comfort, environmental benefits, and lower health risks.

To learn more about what socio-demographic factors support disposable vs. sustainable menstrual choices in India, click here.

Better Birthing Experience: A Thought-Provoking Finish | Day 2

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On Day 2 of the Better Birthing Experience Conference, delegates and faculty delved deep into thought-provoking panel discussions on reducing unnecessary interventions. Talks and discussions ranged from how to offer VBACs, delayed cord clamping, breech births, and perinatal mental health education. The conference encapsulated a rich tapestry of contemporary childbirth practices and, most importantly, how birth professionals need to listen to women’s voices. Moreover, the significance of culturally appropriate childbirth education took centre stage, affirming the holistic approach towards fostering optimal birthing experiences.

In this blog, we put the spotlight on the diverse talks and panel discussions that marked Day 2 of the Better Birthing Experience conference.

If you haven’t already seen our Day 1 blog recap of the conference, be sure to check it out.

 

The Fourteenth Dr Lourdes C. Fernandez Oration

Ms Karuna Vakati, an IAS officer, currently serving as the Secretary at the Department of Education in the Government of Telangana, delivered the 14th Dr Lourdes C. Fernandez Oration on Telangana’s remarkable journey into midwifery. In her oration, Karuna traced the origins of this transformative initiative, highlighting how it all began with Fernandez. She eloquently described Telangana’s Midwifery Journey as a testament to progressive healthcare practices. She emphasised the crucial role of Fernandez, UNICEF, and the Government of Telangana in laying the foundation for improved maternal and newborn health in the region.

Can we reduce unnecessary medical interventions?

The panel discussion was led by senior consultant Dr Nuzhat Aziz, who heads Fernandez’s Obstetric Emergency Department, and had a stellar panel, comprising Dr Malathi Ponnuru, Consultant Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Andhra Pradesh Medical Council; Sheetal Samson, Professional Midwife, and National Midwifery Educator,  Dr Vijaya Krishnan, Certified Professional Midwife (CPM), co-founder-The Sanctum, Natural Birth Centre and Dr Jogitha Unni, Obstetrician and Gynaecologist, Fernandez Hospital. Each panellist discussed the challenges and opportunities when it comes to reducing medical interventions in their settings.

Vaginal Birth After Caesarean (VBAC)

Dr Vijaya Krishnan’s talk on VBACs focused on how it is crucial for women who have previously undergone a caesarean section. VBACs allow women to have a vaginal birth for their subsequent pregnancies, reducing the need for surgical interventions and the potential complications associated with multiple caesarean deliveries. Throughout the programme, participants were guided through comprehensive counselling sessions, receiving in-depth information about the risks and benefits associated with VBAC. They were educated about the factors influencing successful VBAC, including uterine rupture, maternal age, and the interpregnancy interval. By addressing their concerns and providing factual details, participants felt empowered and informed about the birthing options, leading to reduced anxiety and increased confidence in the ability to achieve a successful VBAC.

Term Breech Births 

The session was followed by a talk on Breech Births by Kate Stringer. Kate is a Consultant Midwife at the Surrey and Sussex NHS Trust. She has extensive experience in education, training, clinical practice, midwifery-led care, and public health initiatives in the UK and India. In her talk, she focused on identifying the characteristics based on the current evidence concerning fetal positions, the mechanisms of breech birth and characteristics of breech labours. This is to increase care providers’ knowledge in the management of women in labour with a breech-presenting fetus.

Delayed Cord Clamping

Dr Nuzhat Aziz, who heads Fernandez’s Obstetric Emergency Department, delivered an insightful talk on delayed cord clamping during the conference. She emphasised why delay in clamping the umbilical cord has been linked to notable advantages for premature babies. With a blend of expertise and passion, she illuminated the significance of this practice in childbirth. She elucidated the scientific rationale behind delayed cord clamping and its role in promoting a smoother transition for newborns. Her compelling presentation inspired attendees and underscored this practice’s importance in facilitating a healthier start for infants.

Physiological Third Stage

Ms Sheetal Samson, Professional Midwife and National Midwifery Educator at Fernandez Hospital, explained how, in a physiological third stage of labour, you wait for the placenta to arrive on its own. It is the duty of the midwife to wait to cut the umbilical cord after the baby is born so that oxygenated blood may flow from the placenta to the child.

Postpartum Mental Health

The postpartum period, encompassing pregnancy, can be emotionally challenging for many parents. Dr Shubangi Dere offered valuable guidance on recognising and addressing issues like prenatal and postpartum depression and anxiety, empowering health providers to prioritise the mental well-being of pregnant mothers.

Culturally Appropriate Childbirth Education

Why does family matter in childbirth education? This essential question forms the core of Anupama Kumar Vijayanand’s talk. She is a certified childbirth educator, doula, and the founder of Vriksham Pregnancy Care. She emphasised the pivotal role of family in the birthing process and highlighted the significance of childbirth education for fathers and in-laws. Moreover, she delved into the evolving beliefs surrounding childbirth, acknowledging the dynamic shift in perceptions and practices over the years. Understanding these changing perspectives is fundamental in tailoring childbirth education to meet the diverse cultural needs and preferences of today’s families.

Listening to Women’s Voices

The panel discussion was led by Dr Evita Fernandez, the Managing Trustee of Fernandez Hospital Educational and Research Foundation (FHERF). The panel comprised four women with varied birthing experiences – some were traumatic, and the others very blissful.  All the women agreed that birth trauma significantly altered their mental health, but they wanted to share their experiences so others could learn from it.

Master Class on Breech Births

Day 3 of the Better Birthing Experience conference was the Master Class on Breech Births by Kate Stringer. The class had over 150 participants from across India and helped participants gain a thorough understanding of how to facilitate breech deliveries.

Better Birthing Experience: A Pioneering Conference for Childbirth Practitioners

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Pregnancy, labour, and childbirth are life-changing experiences for a woman and her family. For couples, this is also a time filled with uncertainties, questions, and apprehensions. How do birth professionals make birthing a positive experience for women? How can they remove apprehensions and ensure women are empowered to give birth with confidence?

To answer these questions and equip birth professionals with the latest knowledge about normal undisturbed births, Fernandez Hospital Educational and Research Foundation, in partnership with the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), organised the Better Birthing Experience Conference in Hyderabad recently. The conference provided invaluable guidance and support for healthcare providers. The faculty covered a wide variety of topics, from optimal birthing positions and perinatal mental health education to the importance of undisturbed birth and culturally appropriate childbirth education.

In this blog, we will highlight the topics and workshops covered on Day 1 of the conference held on 4 November 2023.

The conference had close to 400 delegates from around 19 states in India and a few other international ones, too. With a mix of professionals, including childbirth educators, obstetricians, midwives, physiotherapists, nurses, doulas, and policymakers, the Better Birthing Experience conference was truly the first of its kind.

Dr Evita Fernandez

Dr Evita Fernandez, the Managing Trustee of the Fernandez Hospital Educational and Research Foundation (FHERF) kickstarted the conference with a powerful introduction on why women all over the world deserve better and positive experiences and, as birth professionals, we owe it to them.

The Beauty of Undisturbed Births

“Undisturbed births are endangered today”, Priyanka Idicula beautifully described what undisturbed births are and how, as healthcare providers, we need to protect the environment in which women birth! Priyanka emphasised the importance of allowing the birthing process to unfold naturally with minimal interventions. Attendees and delegates learned how a calm and supportive environment, combined with respectful care, can enhance the birthing experience, and promote better outcomes for both mother and baby.

After that talk, Priyanka followed it up with a workshop on Birthing Positions. Attendees learned about the advantages of various birthing positions, which can significantly impact the ease and comfort of labour and delivery. Knowledge about these positions empowers parents to make informed choices about their birthing experience.

Priyanka demonstrates the different birthing positions that a woman can choose while birthing

Gentle Birthing

Dr Gowri Motha, world-renowned obstetrician and pioneer of the Gentle Birthing Method, discussed and advocated for a more serene and compassionate birthing experience. She encouraged birth professionals to learn gentle handling of mothers, positive communication, and comfort measures, helping to create a calm and reassuring atmosphere during labour and delivery.

Hydrotherapy and Water Births

Hydrotherapy and water births are gaining popularity as they offer pain relief, relaxation, and buoyancy during labour. Better Birthing Experience Conferences provided insights into the benefits and techniques of water birth in the workshop “Hydrotherapy and Water Births” by Ms Indie Kaur and Dr Usha Ukande. The knowledge gave healthcare providers a chance to learn and explore how water birth and hydrotherapy work during labour.

Optimal Fetal Positions

The Optimal Fetal Positions workshop was a comprehensive session focused on educating participants about the importance of fetal positioning during pregnancy and labour. Led by Dr Latha Balasundaram, Head, Dept of  Physiotherapy, Fernandez Hospital and Ms Sheetal Samson, National Midwifery Educator at NMTI Fernandez, the workshop delved into various techniques and exercises that can help optimise the positioning of the fetus for a smoother birthing process. Attendees gained valuable insights into the impact of maternal positioning on the progression of labour, as well as learned practical strategies to enhance maternal comfort and facilitate an optimal birth experience.

Delegates learn optimal fetal positions facilitated by Dr Latha Balasundaram

Perinatal Mental Health Education

The perinatal period, encompassing pregnancy and the postpartum period, can be emotionally challenging for many parents. The conference had a detailed workshop on “A framework for prenatal mental health education and screening for obstetricians” by Dr Sai Krishna and Dr Shubangi Dere. The session offered valuable guidance on identifying and addressing issues like prenatal and postpartum depression and anxiety, empowering health providers to prioritise their mental well-being.

Language Matters

Does language matter in a labour room?  What role does respect play in maternity care? How does respectful maternity care (RMC) look in reality? The workshop on  RMC by the Fernandez team had all the participants thinking about how they treat mothers. During the workshop, the attendees were divided into diverse groups, fostering collaborative discussions, and sharing learning experiences. The team of Fernandez doctors guided each group through a series of engaging sessions aimed at promoting awareness and understanding of the crucial role of language in fostering respectful maternal care. Participants actively delved into the nuances of communication, emphasising the significance of using compassionate and empowering language when interacting with expectant mothers and addressing their healthcare needs. Through various role-play exercises and case studies, attendees developed a heightened sensitivity to the impact of language on maternal well-being, enabling them to cultivate a more empathetic and supportive environment within healthcare settings.

The Power of Hypnobirthing

The workshop on Hypnobirthing facilitated by Dr Pooja Shenoy had practical demonstrations in which participants gained a comprehensive understanding of how hypnobirthing can alleviate fear and anxiety during childbirth, promoting a more relaxed and positive birthing experience. The workshop emphasised the importance of mindfulness, breathing exercises, and deep relaxation techniques in empowering expectant mothers to harness their innate ability to manage pain and facilitate a smoother labour process.

Overall, day one at the Better Birthing Experience Conference had a treasure trove of information and practical workshops to deepen the understanding of health professionals.

The Sound of New Beginnings: Understanding Newborn Hearing Screening

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The birth of a newborn is a transformative moment, inundating our lives with an abundance of wonder, hope, and love. It marks the beginning of a remarkable journey that is awe-inspiring and responsible. Among these responsibilities, none are as crucial as safeguarding the health and development of your child. This journey into parenthood is not just about cuddles and cooing; it is a profound commitment to nurture, protect, and ensure the well-being of your little one.

One of the most vital aspects of this journey is the newborn hearing screening, a procedure that might not initially stand out but is integral to your baby’s early development. In this blog, we embark on an exploration of the intricacies surrounding this essential examination. We will uncover what this hearing test entails, why it is a fundamental component of your baby’s health, and how it plays a pivotal role in the foundation of your child’s overall well-being.

What is Hearing Screening?

Newborn hearing screening is an objective test designed to assess your baby’s hearing soon after birth. It helps determine if your baby’s hearing is within the normal range or if further evaluation is necessary. Normal hearing is essential for a baby’s speech and language development.

Why is newborn Hearing Screening important?

Hearing loss is one of the most common birth disorders in newborns. Statistics show that approximately four to six babies out of every 1,000 born may have congenital or other forms of hearing loss.1 Screening and early diagnosis of hearing problems are crucial to promptly identifying auditory issues in infants.

Further, this early intervention can profoundly impact a child’s communication and language development. Unidentified hearing loss can lead to difficulties in behaviour, academic achievement, and language development without it.

When is the Hearing Screening test conducted?

Hearing screening for a newborn should ideally be performed after 12 hours of birth. If, for any reason, the screening is missed during the hospital stay, it must be conducted before your baby reaches one month of age or within six weeks. After this period, the calibration of the screening equipment may no longer be accurate.

How is Hearing screening done?

Two main methods to assess a newborn’s hearing are Otoacoustic Emissions (OAE) and Automated Auditory Brainstem Response (AABR). In AABR, electrodes are placed on specific areas of the baby’s head, and a soft ear tip is gently inserted into the baby’s ear. This ear tip emits a clicking sound, and the equipment records the baby’s hearing response, determining whether it is a pass or a refer. The process is quick, typically taking 15 to 20 minutes, and not painful for the baby. It is often conducted while the baby is asleep.

What if your newborn does not pass the hearing test?

If your newborn does not achieve a successful result in the hearing test, it is essential to understand that this does not automatically indicate a hearing impairment. Various factors, including the presence of ear fluid, ambient noise levels, or even your baby’s crying, can affect the screening outcomes. Nevertheless, a non-passing result should serve as a trigger for scheduling a follow-up diagnostic assessment before your baby reaches three months of age.

How is hearing loss treated in babies?

If your baby is diagnosed with hearing loss, various interventions are available, including hearing aids, cochlear implants, and other treatments. It is crucial to engage with your paediatrician if you notice that your child does not react to loud noises or seems unresponsive to sounds.

Newborn hearing screening is not just a medical test but a cornerstone in ensuring your baby’s bright and healthy future. Identifying and addressing potential hearing issues early on gives every child the best chance to embrace the world of sound, speech, and language. It is the gift of hearing, a gift that lasts a lifetime.

 

Newborn hearing screening might seem like a routine medical procedure, but it holds a profound significance. It is an early opportunity to assess and address potential hearing issues in your baby, ensuring they have access to the world of sound and communication right from the start. By diving into the details of this screening, we hope to illuminate its importance and empower you with the knowledge and understanding you need to make informed decisions about your child’s health and development.

 

[1]Roush, Jackson, et al. “Hearing Screening in North Carolina’s NICU and Well-Baby Nurseries: Impact of JCIH 2019 and COVID-19.” Journal of Early Hearing Detection and Intervention 7.1 (2022): 11-23.